Cymbalta Drug Interactions

Cymbalta® duloxetine HCI
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Cymbalta Drug Interactions

  • Abciximab: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like duloxetine due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication in patients receiving abciximab. Monitor the patient closely for signs and symptoms of bleeding.
  • Acebutolol: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of acebutolol and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. It is advisable to monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
  • Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
  • Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of codeine and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome, reduced codeine efficacy, and potential for opioid withdrawal symptoms. Discontinue codeine if serotonin syndrome is suspected. It is recommended to avoid this combination when codeine is being used for cough. Concomitant use may increase codeine plasma concentrations, but decrease the plasma concentration of the active metabolite, morphine, resulting in reduced efficacy or symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage increase of codeine until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease codeine plasma concentrations and increase morphine plasma concentrations resulting in prolonged opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider reducing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Codeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to morphine, and by CYP3A4 to norcodeine; norcodeine does not have analgesic properties. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
  • Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of dihydrocodeine and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome, reduced dihydrocodeine efficacy, and potential for opioid withdrawal symptoms. Discontinue dihydrocodeine if serotonin syndrome is suspected. Concomitant use may increase dihydrocodeine plasma concentrations, but decrease the plasma concentration of the active metabolite, dihydromorphine, resulting in reduced efficacy or symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage increase of dihydrocodeine until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease dihydrocodeine plasma concentrations and increase dihydromorphine plasma concentrations resulting in prolonged opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider reducing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Dihydrocodeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to dihydromorphine, and by CYP3A4. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
  • Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
  • Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Phenyltoloxamine; Salicylamide: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
  • Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering duloxetine with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as dextromethorphan. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Patients receiving this combination should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Patients should be informed of the possible increased risk of serotonin syndrome. If serotonin syndrome occurs, duloxetine and the concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
  • Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering duloxetine with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as dextromethorphan. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Patients receiving this combination should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Patients should be informed of the possible increased risk of serotonin syndrome. If serotonin syndrome occurs, duloxetine and the concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
  • Acetaminophen; Codeine: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of codeine and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome, reduced codeine efficacy, and potential for opioid withdrawal symptoms. Discontinue codeine if serotonin syndrome is suspected. It is recommended to avoid this combination when codeine is being used for cough. Concomitant use may increase codeine plasma concentrations, but decrease the plasma concentration of the active metabolite, morphine, resulting in reduced efficacy or symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage increase of codeine until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease codeine plasma concentrations and increase morphine plasma concentrations resulting in prolonged opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider reducing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Codeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to morphine, and by CYP3A4 to norcodeine; norcodeine does not have analgesic properties. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
  • Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering duloxetine with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as dextromethorphan. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Patients receiving this combination should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Patients should be informed of the possible increased risk of serotonin syndrome. If serotonin syndrome occurs, duloxetine and the concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
  • Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Doxylamine: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering duloxetine with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as dextromethorphan. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Patients receiving this combination should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Patients should be informed of the possible increased risk of serotonin syndrome. If serotonin syndrome occurs, duloxetine and the concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
  • Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering duloxetine with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as dextromethorphan. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Patients receiving this combination should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Patients should be informed of the possible increased risk of serotonin syndrome. If serotonin syndrome occurs, duloxetine and the concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
  • Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering duloxetine with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as dextromethorphan. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Patients receiving this combination should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Patients should be informed of the possible increased risk of serotonin syndrome. If serotonin syndrome occurs, duloxetine and the concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
  • Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering duloxetine with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as dextromethorphan. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Patients receiving this combination should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Patients should be informed of the possible increased risk of serotonin syndrome. If serotonin syndrome occurs, duloxetine and the concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
  • Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of hydrocodone and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome and prolonged opioid adverse reactions. Discontinue hydrocodone if serotonin syndrome is suspected. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. Concomitant use of hydrocodone with duloxetine may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
  • Acetaminophen; Pentazocine: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome or neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like reactions, caution should be observed when administering serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as pentazocine. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Patients receiving this combination should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome or neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like reactions.
  • Acetaminophen; Tramadol: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome or neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like reactions, caution should be observed when administering serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as tramadol. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome. In one case, the addition of tramadol to extended-release venlafaxine (300 mg/day) and mirtazapine (30 mg/day) likely caused serotonin syndrome. A patient developed agitation, confusion, severe shivering, diaphoresis, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, mydriasis, tachycardia, and fever within 7 weeks of taking tramadol 400 mg daily. He had taken 300 mg tramadol without difficulty. Discontinuation of the 3 drugs and rehydration led to symptom resolution over 36 hours. Reinstitution of the antidepressants 3 days after patient presentation was uneventful. Also, duloxetine may inhibit the formation of the active M1 metabolite of tramadol by inhibiting CYP2D6. The inhibition of this metabolite may decrease the analgesic effectiveness of tramadol but increase the level of the parent compound, which has more serotonergic activity than the metabolite. The risk for serious adverse effects such as seizures and serotonin syndrome may be increased. Patients receiving tramadol in combination with an SNRI should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like reactions, or other adverse effects.
  • Aliskiren: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.

Aliskiren; Amlodipine: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Aliskiren; Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Aliskiren; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Aliskiren; Valsartan: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Alteplase: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving thrombolytic agents. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Ambrisentan: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Aminosalicylate sodium, Aminosalicylic acid: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Amiodarone: (Moderate) Monitor for adverse effects associated with increased exposure to duloxetine if amiodarone is coadministered. Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of amiodarone and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension; monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary. Amiodarone is a CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 inhibitor, while duloxetine is a CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 substrate.
Amitriptyline: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as tricyclic antidepressants. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Clinicians should also be alert for pharmacokinetic interactions between tricyclic antidepressants and SNRIs. Duloxetine and venlafaxine are inhibitors of CYP2D6, and many TCAs are metabolized by this isozyme. Duloxetine increased the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of desipramine 1.7-fold and the AUC 2.9-fold in one study. One case report documented a first-time seizure in a patient receiving venlafaxine and trimipramine at therapeutic dosages. Patients receiving these combinations should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome or other adverse effects. Patients should be informed of the possible increased risk of serotonin syndrome. If serotonin syndrome occurs, duloxetine and the concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
Amitriptyline; Chlordiazepoxide: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as tricyclic antidepressants. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Clinicians should also be alert for pharmacokinetic interactions between tricyclic antidepressants and SNRIs. Duloxetine and venlafaxine are inhibitors of CYP2D6, and many TCAs are metabolized by this isozyme. Duloxetine increased the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of desipramine 1.7-fold and the AUC 2.9-fold in one study. One case report documented a first-time seizure in a patient receiving venlafaxine and trimipramine at therapeutic dosages. Patients receiving these combinations should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome or other adverse effects. Patients should be informed of the possible increased risk of serotonin syndrome. If serotonin syndrome occurs, duloxetine and the concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
Amlodipine: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Amlodipine; Atorvastatin: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Amlodipine; Benazepril: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Olmesartan: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Valsartan: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Amlodipine; Olmesartan: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Amlodipine; Telmisartan: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Amlodipine; Valsartan: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Amoxapine: (Moderate) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering duloxetine with other drugs that have central serotonergic properties such as amoxapine. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. In addition, duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6, and amoxapine is partially metabolized by this isoenzyme. It is possible that duloxetine could increase the risk of cyclic antidepressant-related side effects or toxicity.
Amphetamine; Dextroamphetamine Salts: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as amphetamines. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. In addition, the MAOI activity of amphetamines may be of concern with the use of drugs that have serotonergic activity. A man developed marked agitation, anxiety, diaphoresis, shivering, tachycardia, tremor, generalized hypertonia, hyperreflexia, 1 to 2 beats of inducible ankle clonus, frequent myoclonic jerking, and tonic spasm of the right side of his orbicularis oris muscle while taking dexamphetamine and venlafaxine. Cessation of both drugs and administration of cyproheptadine led to a stepwise heart rate reduction and complete symptom resolution. Patients receiving SNRIs and amphetamines should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome, particularly during treatment initiation and during dosage increases. The SNRI and amphetamine should be discontinued if serotonin syndrome occurs and supportive symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
Anagrelide: (Moderate) Anagrelide has been shown to inhibit CYP1A2. In theory, coadministration of anagrelide with substrates of CYP1A2, including duloxetine, could lead to increases in the serum concentrations of these drugs and, thus, adverse effects. Patients receiving anagrelide and duloxetine concomitantly should be monitored for increased toxicity of duloxetine. Monitor the patient for signs of excessive serotonin activity. Patients should be informed of the possible increased risk of serotonin syndrome. If serotonin syndrome occurs, duloxetine and the concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Anticoagulants: (Major) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by duloxetine due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving anticoagulants. Elevations in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin and INR values have been reported post-marketing when venlafaxine was added to established warfarin therapy. The causality and mechanism of this potential interaction have not been established. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with an anticoagulant medication and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Aripiprazole: (Moderate) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP2D6, increased aripiprazole plasma concentrations may occur during concurrent use of moderate inhibitors of CYP2D6, such as duloxetine. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor. Aripiprazole dosage adjustments are not required when aripiprazole is added as adjunctive treatment to antidepressants for major depressive disorder provided that the manufacturer’s dosing guidelines for this indication are followed.
Artemether; Lumefantrine: (Moderate) Lumefantrine is an inhibitor and duloxetine is a substrate/inhibitor of the CYP2D6 isoenzyme; therefore, coadministration may lead to increased duloxetine concentrations. Concomitant use warrants caution due to the potential for increased side effects.
Asenapine: (Moderate) Duloxetine is an inhibitor of CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 and may decrease the clearance of atypical antipsychotics that are CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 substrates including asenapine. Decreased metabolism of asenapine may lead to adverse reactions such as extrapyramidal symptoms. In addition, asenapine is associated with a risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) and should be used cautiously with CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 inhibitors such as duloxetine. In vitro studies indicate that CYP1A2 is a primary metabolic pathway of asenapine.
Aspirin, ASA: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of codeine and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome, reduced codeine efficacy, and potential for opioid withdrawal symptoms. Discontinue codeine if serotonin syndrome is suspected. It is recommended to avoid this combination when codeine is being used for cough. Concomitant use may increase codeine plasma concentrations, but decrease the plasma concentration of the active metabolite, morphine, resulting in reduced efficacy or symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage increase of codeine until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease codeine plasma concentrations and increase morphine plasma concentrations resulting in prolonged opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider reducing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Codeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to morphine, and by CYP3A4 to norcodeine; norcodeine does not have analgesic properties. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome. (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of dihydrocodeine and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome, reduced dihydrocodeine efficacy, and potential for opioid withdrawal symptoms. Discontinue dihydrocodeine if serotonin syndrome is suspected. Concomitant use may increase dihydrocodeine plasma concentrations, but decrease the plasma concentration of the active metabolite, dihydromorphine, resulting in reduced efficacy or symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage increase of dihydrocodeine until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease dihydrocodeine plasma concentrations and increase dihydromorphine plasma concentrations resulting in prolonged opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider reducing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Dihydrocodeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to dihydromorphine, and by CYP3A4. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome. (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of codeine and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome, reduced codeine efficacy, and potential for opioid withdrawal symptoms. Discontinue codeine if serotonin syndrome is suspected. It is recommended to avoid this combination when codeine is being used for cough. Concomitant use may increase codeine plasma concentrations, but decrease the plasma concentration of the active metabolite, morphine, resulting in reduced efficacy or symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage increase of codeine until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease codeine plasma concentrations and increase morphine plasma concentrations resulting in prolonged opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider reducing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Codeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to morphine, and by CYP3A4 to norcodeine; norcodeine does not have analgesic properties. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome. (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Aspirin, ASA; Dipyridamole: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner. (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving platelet inhibitors. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with a platelet inhibitor and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Aspirin, ASA; Pravastatin: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Atazanavir; Cobicistat: (Moderate) Caution is warranted when cobicistat is administered with duloxetine as there is a potential for elevated duloxetine and cobicistat concentrations. Duloxetine is a CYP2D6 substrate/inhibitor. Cobicistat is a substrate/inhibitor of CYP2D6.
Atenolol: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of atenolol and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. It is advisable to monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Atenolol; Chlorthalidone: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of atenolol and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. It is advisable to monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Atomoxetine: (Moderate) Patients should be monitored for adverse effects associated with atomoxetine administration, such as nausea/vomiting, drowsiness, fatigue, abdominal pain, or decreased appetite, during concurrent use of duloxetine. A dosage adjustment of atomoxetine may be needed in normal populations (also known as extensive metabolizers) when atomoxetine is administered with inhibitors of the CYP2D6 enzyme. Atomoxetine is primarily a substrate for the cytochrome P450 isozyme CYP2D6. In vitro studies suggest that coadministration of CYP2D6 inhibitors to poor metabolizers will not further increase the plasma concentrations of atomoxetine.
Atropine; Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate: (Severe) Concurrent use of methylene blue and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) (e.g., venlafaxine, duloxetine, desvenlafaxine, milnacipran) should generally be avoided due to the potential for serotonin syndrome. Results from an in vitro study indicate that methylene blue is a potent, reversible inhibitor of the monoamine oxidase type A enzyme (MAO-A). MAO-A is responsible for the metabolism of serotonin; therefore, concurrent use of an MAO-A inhibitor with serotonergic agents such as SNRIs may result in a clinically significant interaction. Cases of serotonin syndrome have been reported, primarily following administration of standard infusions of methylene blue (1 to 8 mg/kg) as a visualizing agent in parathyroid surgery, in patients receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SNRIs, or clomipramine. It is not known if patients receiving other serotonergic psychiatric agents with intravenous methylene blue are at a comparable risk or if methylene blue administered by other routes (e.g., orally, local injection) or in doses less than 1 mg/kg IV can produce a similar outcome. One case report suggests that serotonin toxicity may have occurred post-operatively following administration of standard infusions of methylene blue in a patient receiving duloxetine. The patient experienced disorientation, a mildly elevated temperature, tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, mild agitation, and nystagmus. In a separate case, a patient who had been receiving venlafaxine developed expressive aphasia, confusion, and disinhibition following a methylene blue infusion. The authors concluded that methylene blue toxicity had occurred; however, they did not exclude the possibility of a drug interaction based upon previous reports of an interaction between injectable methylene blue and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Published interaction reports between intravenously administered methylene blue and serotonergic psychiatric agents have documented symptoms including lethargy, confusion, delirium, agitation, aggression, obtundation, myoclonus, expressive aphasia, hypertonia, pyrexia, elevated blood pressure, seizures, and/or coma. Signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome include fever, diaphoresis, shivering, myoclonus, tremor, tachycardia, diarrhea, nausea, headache, incoordination, mental status changes (e.g., agitation, confusion), hyperreflexia, seizures, and coma. If emergent treatment with methylene blue is required in a patient receiving an SNRI, the SNRI must be stopped immediately and the patient should be monitored for symptoms of CNS toxicity for two weeks or until 24 hours after the last dose of methylene blue, whichever comes first. During non-emergent use of methylene blue, the SNRI should be stopped at least 2 weeks prior to methylene blue treatment, but also taking into consideration the half-life of the SNRI being discontinued. (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Azilsartan: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Azilsartan; Chlorthalidone: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Benazepril: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Benazepril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Bendroflumethiazide; Nadolol: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of nadolol and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. It is advisable to monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate: (Severe) Concurrent use of methylene blue and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) (e.g., venlafaxine, duloxetine, desvenlafaxine, milnacipran) should generally be avoided due to the potential for serotonin syndrome. Results from an in vitro study indicate that methylene blue is a potent, reversible inhibitor of the monoamine oxidase type A enzyme (MAO-A). MAO-A is responsible for the metabolism of serotonin; therefore, concurrent use of an MAO-A inhibitor with serotonergic agents such as SNRIs may result in a clinically significant interaction. Cases of serotonin syndrome have been reported, primarily following administration of standard infusions of methylene blue (1 to 8 mg/kg) as a visualizing agent in parathyroid surgery, in patients receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SNRIs, or clomipramine. It is not known if patients receiving other serotonergic psychiatric agents with intravenous methylene blue are at a comparable risk or if methylene blue administered by other routes (e.g., orally, local injection) or in doses less than 1 mg/kg IV can produce a similar outcome. One case report suggests that serotonin toxicity may have occurred post-operatively following administration of standard infusions of methylene blue in a patient receiving duloxetine. The patient experienced disorientation, a mildly elevated temperature, tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, mild agitation, and nystagmus. In a separate case, a patient who had been receiving venlafaxine developed expressive aphasia, confusion, and disinhibition following a methylene blue infusion. The authors concluded that methylene blue toxicity had occurred; however, they did not exclude the possibility of a drug interaction based upon previous reports of an interaction between injectable methylene blue and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Published interaction reports between intravenously administered methylene blue and serotonergic psychiatric agents have documented symptoms including lethargy, confusion, delirium, agitation, aggression, obtundation, myoclonus, expressive aphasia, hypertonia, pyrexia, elevated blood pressure, seizures, and/or coma. Signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome include fever, diaphoresis, shivering, myoclonus, tremor, tachycardia, diarrhea, nausea, headache, incoordination, mental status changes (e.g., agitation, confusion), hyperreflexia, seizures, and coma. If emergent treatment with methylene blue is required in a patient receiving an SNRI, the SNRI must be stopped immediately and the patient should be monitored for symptoms of CNS toxicity for two weeks or until 24 hours after the last dose of methylene blue, whichever comes first. During non-emergent use of methylene blue, the SNRI should be stopped at least 2 weeks prior to methylene blue treatment, but also taking into consideration the half-life of the SNRI being discontinued. (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Benzphetamine: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as amphetamines. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by the rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. In addition, the MAOI activity of amphetamines may be of concern with the use of drugs that have serotonergic activity. A man developed marked agitation, anxiety, diaphoresis, shivering, tachycardia, tremor, generalized hypertonia, hyperreflexia, 12 beats of inducible ankle clonus, frequent myoclonic jerking, and tonic spasm of the right side of his orbicularis oris muscle while taking dexamphetamine and venlafaxine. Cessation of both drugs and administration of cyproheptadine led to a stepwise heart rate reduction and complete symptom resolution. Patients receiving an SNRI and an amphetamine should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome, particularly during treatment initiation and during dosage increases. The SNRI and amphetamine should be discontinued if serotonin syndrome occurs and supportive symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
Betaxolol: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of betaxolol and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. It is advisable to monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Bismuth Subsalicylate: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Bismuth Subsalicylate; Metronidazole; Tetracycline: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Bisoprolol: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of bisoprolol and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. It is advisable to monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Bisoprolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of bisoprolol and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. It is advisable to monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Bosentan: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Brexpiprazole: (Moderate) Because brexpiprazole is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, the manufacturer recommends that the brexpiprazole dose be reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose in patients receiving a moderate to strong inhibitor of CYP3A4 in combination with a moderate to strong inhibitor of CYP2D6. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. If duloxetine is used in combination with brexpiprazole and a moderate to strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, the brexpiprazole dose should be adjusted and the patient should be carefully monitored for brexpiprazole-related adverse reactions.
Brimonidine; Timolol: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of timolol and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. It is advisable to monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering duloxetine with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as dextromethorphan. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Patients receiving this combination should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Patients should be informed of the possible increased risk of serotonin syndrome. If serotonin syndrome occurs, duloxetine and the concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
Brompheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of hydrocodone and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome and prolonged opioid adverse reactions. Discontinue hydrocodone if serotonin syndrome is suspected. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. Concomitant use of hydrocodone with duloxetine may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of hydrocodone and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome and prolonged opioid adverse reactions. Discontinue hydrocodone if serotonin syndrome is suspected. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. Concomitant use of hydrocodone with duloxetine may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Buprenorphine: (Major) Concurrent use of opioids, such as buprenorphine, with other drugs that modulate serotonergic function, such as SNRIs, has resulted in serotonin syndrome in some cases. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by the rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. If combination treatment is required, patients should be carefully observed, particularly during treatment initiation and during dose adjustments of the serotonergic drug; discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.
Buprenorphine; Naloxone: (Major) Concurrent use of opioids, such as buprenorphine, with other drugs that modulate serotonergic function, such as SNRIs, has resulted in serotonin syndrome in some cases. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by the rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. If combination treatment is required, patients should be carefully observed, particularly during treatment initiation and during dose adjustments of the serotonergic drug; discontinue buprenorphine if serotonin syndrome is suspected.
Bupropion: (Moderate) Monitor for increased duloxetine-related adverse effects if coadministered with bupropion. Concurrent use may result in increased duloxetine exposure resulting in excessive serotonin activity. Bupropion is a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor; duloxetine is a CYP2D6 substrate. Coadministration with another strong CYP2D6 inhibitor increased the duloxetine AUC by about 60%.
Bupropion; Naltrexone: (Moderate) Monitor for increased duloxetine-related adverse effects if coadministered with bupropion. Concurrent use may result in increased duloxetine exposure resulting in excessive serotonin activity. Bupropion is a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor; duloxetine is a CYP2D6 substrate. Coadministration with another strong CYP2D6 inhibitor increased the duloxetine AUC by about 60%.
Buspirone: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when coadministering drugs that have serotonergic properties such as buspirone and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Serotonin syndrome is characterized by the rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. If serotonin syndrome occurs, all serotonergic agents should be discontinued and appropriate medical treatment should be initiated.
Cabergoline: (Moderate) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome or neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like reactions, caution should be observed when administering serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) with other drugs that have serotonergic properties, such as cabergoline. Cabergoline has minimal affinity for serotonin receptors, possibly reducing the risk of this interaction compared to the chemically related ergot alkaloids. However, patients receiving cabergoline with an SNRI should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome or neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like reactions.
Calcium-channel blockers: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Candesartan: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Candesartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Cannabidiol: (Moderate) Consider a dose adjustment of duloxetine when coadministered with cannabidiol. Coadministration may alter plasma concentrations of duloxetine resulting in an increased risk of adverse reactions and/or decreased efficacy. Duloxetine is a sensitive CYP1A2 substrate. In vitro data predicts inhibition or induction of CYP1A2 by cannabidiol potentially resulting in clinically significant interactions.
Captopril: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Captopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Carbinoxamine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering duloxetine with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as dextromethorphan. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Patients receiving this combination should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Patients should be informed of the possible increased risk of serotonin syndrome. If serotonin syndrome occurs, duloxetine and the concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of hydrocodone and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome and prolonged opioid adverse reactions. Discontinue hydrocodone if serotonin syndrome is suspected. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. Concomitant use of hydrocodone with duloxetine may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of hydrocodone and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome and prolonged opioid adverse reactions. Discontinue hydrocodone if serotonin syndrome is suspected. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. Concomitant use of hydrocodone with duloxetine may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Carteolol: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of carteolol and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. It is advisable to monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Carvedilol: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of carvedilol and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. It is advisable to monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Celecoxib: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by duloxetine due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Mmonitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding when duloxetine is coadministered with NSAIDs.
Central-acting adrenergic agents: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Chlorpheniramine; Codeine: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of codeine and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome, reduced codeine efficacy, and potential for opioid withdrawal symptoms. Discontinue codeine if serotonin syndrome is suspected. It is recommended to avoid this combination when codeine is being used for cough. Concomitant use may increase codeine plasma concentrations, but decrease the plasma concentration of the active metabolite, morphine, resulting in reduced efficacy or symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage increase of codeine until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease codeine plasma concentrations and increase morphine plasma concentrations resulting in prolonged opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider reducing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Codeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to morphine, and by CYP3A4 to norcodeine; norcodeine does not have analgesic properties. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering duloxetine with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as dextromethorphan. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Patients receiving this combination should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Patients should be informed of the possible increased risk of serotonin syndrome. If serotonin syndrome occurs, duloxetine and the concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering duloxetine with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as dextromethorphan. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Patients receiving this combination should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Patients should be informed of the possible increased risk of serotonin syndrome. If serotonin syndrome occurs, duloxetine and the concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of dihydrocodeine and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome, reduced dihydrocodeine efficacy, and potential for opioid withdrawal symptoms. Discontinue dihydrocodeine if serotonin syndrome is suspected. Concomitant use may increase dihydrocodeine plasma concentrations, but decrease the plasma concentration of the active metabolite, dihydromorphine, resulting in reduced efficacy or symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage increase of dihydrocodeine until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease dihydrocodeine plasma concentrations and increase dihydromorphine plasma concentrations resulting in prolonged opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider reducing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Dihydrocodeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to dihydromorphine, and by CYP3A4. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of dihydrocodeine and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome, reduced dihydrocodeine efficacy, and potential for opioid withdrawal symptoms. Discontinue dihydrocodeine if serotonin syndrome is suspected. Concomitant use may increase dihydrocodeine plasma concentrations, but decrease the plasma concentration of the active metabolite, dihydromorphine, resulting in reduced efficacy or symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage increase of dihydrocodeine until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease dihydrocodeine plasma concentrations and increase dihydromorphine plasma concentrations resulting in prolonged opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider reducing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Dihydrocodeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to dihydromorphine, and by CYP3A4. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of hydrocodone and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome and prolonged opioid adverse reactions. Discontinue hydrocodone if serotonin syndrome is suspected. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. Concomitant use of hydrocodone with duloxetine may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of hydrocodone and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome and prolonged opioid adverse reactions. Discontinue hydrocodone if serotonin syndrome is suspected. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. Concomitant use of hydrocodone with duloxetine may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of hydrocodone and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome and prolonged opioid adverse reactions. Discontinue hydrocodone if serotonin syndrome is suspected. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. Concomitant use of hydrocodone with duloxetine may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine: (Major) Careful monitoring, particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment, is recommended during coadministration of hydrocodone and duloxetine because of the potential risk of serotonin syndrome and prolonged opioid adverse reactions. Discontinue hydrocodone if serotonin syndrome is suspected. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. Concomitant use of hydrocodone with duloxetine may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of duloxetine could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If duloxetine is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Chlorpromazine: (Moderate) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of chlorpromazine and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) since elevations in plasma concentrations of chlorpromazine may occur. Phenothiazines are CYP2D6 substrates and duloxetine is a CYP2D6 inhibitor. In addition, chlorpromazine is associated with a possible risk of QT prolongation; therefore, cardiac effects are possible.
Chlorthalidone; Clonidine: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Choline Salicylate; Magnesium Salicylate: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving aspirin, ASA or other salicylates which affect hemostasis. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with medications which impair platelet function and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Cilostazol: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving platelet inhibitors. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with a platelet inhibitor and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Cimetidine: (Moderate) Use caution during coadministration of duloxetine and cimetidine; duloxetine concentrations may be increased. Duloxetine is a CYP1A2 substrate; cimetidine is a weak CYP1A2 inhibitor.
Cinacalcet: (Moderate) Monitor for increased duloxetine-related adverse effects if coadministered with cinacalcet. Concurrent use may result in increased duloxetine exposure resulting in excessive serotonin activity. Cinacalcet is a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor; duloxetine is a CYP2D6 substrate. Coadministration with another strong CYP2D6 inhibitor increased the duloxetine AUC by about 60%.
Ciprofloxacin: (Major) Coadministration of duloxetine and potent inhibitors of CYP1A2, such as ciprofloxacin, should be avoided. Duloxetine is partially metabolized by CYP1A2. One study involving a potent CYP1A2 inhibitor in concomitant use with duloxetine showed that duloxetine exposure was significantly increased.
Citalopram: (Major) Due to similarity of pharmacology and the potential for additive adverse effects, including serotonin syndrome, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) should generally not be administered with serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, and milnacipran. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form, can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Clevidipine: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Clomipramine: (Major) Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as tricyclic antidepressants. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes (e.g., delirium or coma), and in rare cases, death. Clinicians should also be alert for pharmacokinetic interactions between tricyclic antidepressants and SNRIs. Duloxetine and venlafaxine are inhibitors of CYP2D6, and many TCAs are metabolized by this isozyme. Duloxetine increased the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of desipramine 1.7-fold and the AUC 2.9-fold in one study. One case report documented a first-time seizure in a patient receiving venlafaxine and trimipramine at therapeutic dosages. Patients receiving these combinations should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome or other adverse effects. Patients should be informed of the possible increased risk of serotonin syndrome. If serotonin syndrome occurs, duloxetine and the concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
Clonidine: (Moderate) Orthostatic hypotension and syncope have been reported during duloxetine administration. The concurrent administration of antihypertensive agents and duloxetine may increase the risk of hypotension. Monitor blood pressure if the combination is necessary.
Clopidogrel: (Moderate) Platelet aggregation may be impaired by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematomas, petechiae, hemorrhage) in patients receiving platelet inhibitors. Patients should be instructed to monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding while taking an SNRI with a platelet inhibitor and to promptly report any bleeding events to the practitioner.
Clozapine: (Moderate) Duloxetine is an inhibitor of CYP2D6 and CYP1A2, two of the isoenzymes responsible for the metabolism of clozapine. Treatment with clozapine has been associated with QT prolongation, torsade de pointes (TdP), cardiac arrest, and sudden death. Elevated plasma concentrations of clozapine occurring through CYP inhibition may potentially increase the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias, sedation, anticholinergic effects, seizures, orthostasis, or other adverse effects. According to the manufacturer, patients receiving clozapine in combination with an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP3A4, or CYP2D6 should be monitored for adverse reactions. Consideration should be given to reducing the clozapine dose if necessary. If the inhibitor is discontinued after dose adjustments are made, monitor for lack of clozapine effectiveness and consider increasing the clozapine dose if necessary.
Cobicistat: (Moderate) Caution is warranted when cobicistat is administered with duloxetine as there is a potential for elevated duloxetine and cobicistat concentrations. Duloxetine is a CYP2D6 substrate/inhibitor. Cobicistat is a substrate/inhibitor of CYP2D6.
Cobicistat; Elvitegravir; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Alafenamide: (Moderate) Caution is warranted when cobicistat is administered with duloxetine as there is a potential for elevated duloxetine and cobicistat concentrations. Duloxetine is a CYP2D6 substrate/inhibitor. Cobicistat is a substrate/inhibitor of CYP2D6.
Cobicistat; Elvitegravir; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Moderate) Caution is warranted when cobicista